Inability to work is a situation in which a worker is temporarily or permanently unable to perform his work due to an illness or injury. In Spain, this situation is regulated by the General Social Security Act and is recognized by the National Social Security Institute.

There are different types of incapacity for work, which are classified according to their degree and duration:

• Temporary incapacity: the worker cannot perform his work for a given period. The worker receives a financial benefit from the National Social Security Institute for the duration of the disability.
• Partial permanent incapacity: It occurs when the worker is subject to certain limitations in carrying out certain tasks or activities related to his employment. In these circumstances, the National Social Security Institute (INSS) may grant the worker a financial benefit or compensation as compensation for his or her inability to work.
• Total permanent incapacity: is produced when the worker is unable to perform any work related to his or her usual profession. The National Social Security Institute (INSS) may grant the worker a life pension or compensation in compensation for his or her total permanent disability.
• Absolute permanent incapacity: is the one that prevents the worker from doing any kind of work, even those not related to his or her usual profession. In this case, the worker may receive a life pension or compensation from the National Social Security Institute (INSS).
• High Invalidity Incapacity: The situation of a worker who is already in Permanent Incapacity is understood as a Great Invalidity and because of his delicate situation cannot be used to carry out the most basic activities without the help of another person in his / her day to day.

The process of applying for an incapacity to work may be complex, and it is important that the worker has the advice and representation of a lawyer specialized in labour law. A lawyer may help the worker to collect all necessary documentation, submit an application for disability and represent the worker in the event of remedies or complaints.

In any case, it is important for the worker to know his or her rights and options in the event of incapacity to work and to seek legal advice to protect his or her interests and future work.